揭秘中国茶乡之惊艳面纱

夏日炎炎，暑气漫漫，避开人群，来五峰土家茶乡，走一走万里茶道上的小众遗产点，来个“松弛感”拉满的周末微旅行，也是个不错的选择。

In the scorching summer, the endless heat gets quite overwhelming. Let’s leave the crowded city to visit the home of black tea in Wufeng Tujia autonomous county. We can walk around the local heritage sites. It will be a great choice to take a leisurely weekend trip on the Great Tea Route.

五峰土家族自治县采花乡

图源：文旅五峰 陈丹平 摄

2009 年，五峰被中国茶叶学会授予湖北省唯一的县级“中国名茶之乡” 称号，成功跻身 “湖北茶叶大县” 行列。

In 2009, Wufeng was awarded the title of "Home of China's Famous Tea" by the China Tea Science Society. As the only county receiving this distinction in Hubei province, it successfully established itself as a major tea-producing county in Hubei.

图源：文旅五峰 陈丹平 摄

在万里茶道上，听宜红茶精制茶场里的机器轰鸣，重温五峰茶叶对外交流融合的光辉岁月；看五峰红茶从莽莽苍山走进繁华市井，感受古茶道，对长距离、复杂多变地形及深山环境的杰出应对。

On the Great Tea Route, let’s listen to the machines roaring in the Yihong Black Tea Refining Factory and recall the glorious days of Wufeng tea’s foreign trade and commerce. Let’s review the history of the local black tea being transported from the lush mountains into the bustling cities and see how well the conveyors of Yihong black tea dealt with the complex and changeable terrain, which was especially tough in the high mountains along the lengthy Great Tea Route.

图源：文旅五峰 陈许腱 摄

万里茶道文物主题游径（五峰段）沿线的茶厂、古茶道等历史文化遗存，形成了万里茶道上茶路生产、运输、贸易不可或缺的环节。

Along the Wufeng Section of this route, tea factories, ancient tea roads and other historical sites constitute the indispensable links in the chain of tea production, transportation and trade as a whole on the Great Tea Route.

五峰茶

青岗岭生态茶园 图源： 文旅五峰 季卫民 摄

九环坡茶园 图源：文旅五峰 李奉君 摄

“人间珍品处处有，最难忘却五峰茶”。五峰，地属亚热带温湿季风气候，山间终年云雾环绕，雨水充沛，土壤肥沃，气候温和，形成了五峰“云雾山中出好茶”得天独厚的自然条件。五峰是中国古老的茶叶产区，是中国名茶之乡，是宜红茶的发源地和核心产区之一。

As an old saying goes, “There exists precious tea in different places, but the most memorable is the Wufeng tea.” In Wufeng, the subtropical warm and humid monsoon climate, the mountains enveloped by clouds and fog all the year round, abundant rain and fertile soil constitute the unique natural conditions for Wufeng’s “excellent tea growing in the mountains of clouds and fog”. Wufeng, a famous tea producing area in ancient China, is the home and producing core area of Yihong black tea. Till now, it has been one of the top tea areas in China.

青岗岭生态茶园 图源：陈亮 摄

常乐茗茶 图源：宁志明 摄

清道光年间有广东茶商携大批江西制茶技工到五峰渔洋关设号精制红茶，是为宜红区红茶精制出口之始。五峰县志记载的渔洋关几十家茶庄中，源泰、兴泰规模最大，且都是牵手俄罗斯著名洋行的茶号。

During the Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, Guangdong tea merchants hired plenty of Jiangxi tea technicians to establish firms to refine black tea in Yuyangguan town, which initiated the export of the refined black tea made in the Yihong district. Among the dozens of tea producers recorded in the Annals of Wufeng County, Yuantai Tea Firm and Xingtai Tea Firm were the largest, both of which traded with famous Russian companies.

青岗岭茶叶公园 图源：文旅五峰 陈丹平 摄

采花乡星岩坪村茶园 图源：彭天华 摄

1937年，湖北茶叶改良所迁至渔洋关，改名为渔洋关茶叶改良场，并在五峰红石板、赵家城、石梁司、水浕司、采花台建成五个模范茶园，所产红茶源源不断运送到汉口，远销俄罗斯等地。

In 1937, the Hubei Tea Improvement Institute transferred to Yuyangguan town. Renamed the Yuyangguan Tea Improvement Farm, it established five model tea gardens in different spots of Wufeng: Hongshiban, Zhaojiacheng, Shiliangsi, Shuijinsi and Caihuatai. The black tea produced in the farm was continuously transported to Hankou and then exported to Russia and some other places.

图源：文旅五峰 卢舒 摄

图源：文旅五峰 闫京东 摄

胡子安在《鄂茶之产制运销及改进意见》（《湖北省银行通讯》新5期，1946年5月）中记述：“鄂西商营外销红茶厂，大都散布于鄂西五、鹤、宜、长及石门一带，尤以五峰渔洋关为宜红茶生产之中心。当外销红茶畅销时，渔洋关制造厂达十家以上。所产箱茶总额，最旺时达4万余箱，厂商无不利市数倍。各厂所有制茶工具、设备完全，各级制茶职工，亦应有尽有，可谓盛极一时。”

Hu Zi’an wrote in “Suggestions for Improvement on Production and Distribution of Hubei Tea” (Hubei Bank Newsletter, New 5th issue, May 1946), “Most of the tea factories that export products are separately located in Wufeng, Hefeng, Yichang, Changyang and Shimen in the western parts of Hubei and Hunan, especially Yuyangguan in Wufeng as the producing center of Yihong black tea. When the export of black tea went well, the number of tea factories rose to over ten in Yuyangguan. In the most prosperous year, the total amount of tea reached more than 40,000 cases and the manufacturers all profited several times higher from the market than before. Each factory has been equipped with all the tea making machines and tools and has employed tea making workers at all levels, which could be described as a flourishing scene.”

图源：何庆良 摄

图源：文旅五峰 陆业鑫 摄

宜红茶精制茶厂

图源：文旅五峰 李理 摄

图源：熊昌庆 摄

宜红茶精制茶厂（万里茶道遗产点）是上个世纪70年代宜红茶精制的国营茶厂，为湖北省文物保护单位，也是万里茶道（五峰段）重要资源点之一。

As a state-owned factory, the Yihong Black Tea Refining Factory (Heritage Site of the Great Tea Route) was renowned for its product of Yihong black tea in the 1970s. It is now a cultural relic protection unit of Hubei province and one of the most important resource points on the Great Tea Route (Wufeng Section).

宜红茶工业遗产展示馆 图源：宜昌市文化和旅游局

宜红茶工业遗产展示馆 图源：五峰县人民政府

清道光年间，广东茶商携大批江西制茶技工到五峰渔洋关设号精制红茶，是为宜红区红茶精制出口之始。1940年3月，中国茶叶公司在渔洋关王家冲设立五峰精制茶厂，1941年迁址桥河，以精制红茶享誉中外，历经七十年代的改扩建和八十年代的增修，是鄂西地区目前保存较为真实、完整的近现代重要史迹及代表性建筑，是近现代茶业历史文化资源和工业遗存。

During the Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, tea merchants from the Guangdong area brought a large number of tea technicians from Jiangxi to Yuyangguan in Wufeng to produce the refined black tea, which initiated the export of the refined black tea made in the Yihong district. In March 1940, the China Tea Company set up the Yihong Black Tea Refining Factory in Wangjiachong of Yuyangguantown, which transferred to Qiaohe in 1941.Then the factory began to enjoy an excellent reputation for refined black tea at home and abroad. After the expansion in construction in the 1970s and the reconstruction in the 1980s, it now becomes a significant historical site and representative building, which is relatively genuine and complete at present in western Hubei. In addition, it is a historical and cultural resource and industrial relic of modern tea industry in China.

图源：文旅五峰

宜红茶工业遗产展示馆 图源：文旅五峰 李理摄

其中，宜红茶工业遗产展示馆以原精制车间为基础，完好保存了红茶精制加工设备和生产线，是五峰茶叶生产、运输、商贸等对外交流融合的重要历史实物佐证。

In particular, the Yihong Black Tea Industrial Heritage Exhibition Hall is based on the original tea-refining workshop, and the black tea processing equipment and assembly line are well preserved, which becomes the vital historical evidence of Wufeng tea’s production, transportation, trade and commerce.

宜红茶精制茶厂

?地址：湖北省宜昌市五峰土家族自治县渔洋关镇钟岭路3号

?交通：

五峰4号线：宜红茶工业遗址站（首末班车：07:05——17:15）

五峰2号线：宜红茶工业遗址站 （首末班车：07:05——17:15）

?自驾：导航“宜红茶工业遗址”

Yihong Black Tea Refining Factory

?Address: No.3 Zhongling Road, Yuyangguan town, Wufeng Tujia autonomous county, Yichang city, Hubei province.

?Transportation:

Wufeng No. 4 Bus Line: Take a No. 4 Bus and get off at the Yihong Tea Industrial Site Station (first and last bus: 07:05 -- 17:15).

Wufeng No. 2 Bus Line: Take a No. 2 Bus and get off at the Yihong Tea Industrial Site Station (first and last bus: 07:05 -- 17:15).

?Self-drive: Drive to the Yihong Tea Industry Site with digital navigation.

五峰古茶道汉阳桥段

图源：文旅五峰 卢舒摄

五峰古茶道汉阳桥段（万里茶道遗产点）：位于五峰土家族自治县渔洋关镇曹家坪村八组，为湖北省文物保护单位，是万里茶道（五峰段）保存最为完整的古茶道，被纳入万里茶道申遗湖北省重点推荐点。

Hanyangqiao Section of Wufeng Ancient Tea Road (Heritage Site of the Great Tea Route): Located in Group 8 of Caojiaping village, Yuyangguan town, Wufeng Tujia autonomous county, it is a cultural relic protection unit in Hubei province. As the most completely preserved part of the Great Tea Route (Wufeng Section), it is included in the list of the most highly recommended sites for the Great Tea Route applying for the World Heritage status.

五峰古茶道汉阳桥段

图源：五峰土家族自治县文物保护中心

万里茶道五峰段-汉阳桥段古茶道-细节-东西向

图源：汪宇昕

五峰古茶道汉阳桥段是万里茶道生产路段的交通设施类遗存，是鄂西山区宜红茶的重要运输线，可通往茶路重要集散城镇渔洋关。五峰古茶道的遗存要素类型丰富，反映了古代茶叶通过石板路、水路不同方式运输的完整过程。

The Hanyang Bridge Section of Wufeng Ancient Tea Road belongs to the type of tea transporting relic on the Great Tea Route. As a major transport line for Yihong black tea in the mountainous area of western Hubei, it leads to Yuyangguan, an important hub town on the tea road. The Wufeng Ancient Tea Road is rich in types of historic relics, which demonstrates the complete process of ancient tea transportation in different ways, such as the stone road, water course and so on.

五峰古茶道汉阳桥段

图源：五峰土家族自治县文物保护中心

全段现存主要资源点主要有：汉阳桥一座、凉桥遗址一处、骡马店及客栈遗址五处、药铺遗址一处、寺庙遗址一处、水井遗址一处、茶栈一处、碑刻和茶园多处。

In the Hanyang Bridge Section exist the main resource points: one site of the Hanyang Bridge, one site of the Cool Bridge, five sites of inns (where horses or mules could be deposited), one site of medicine shop, one site of temple, one site of well, one site of tea house, and a few sites of stone tablets and tea gardens.

五峰古茶道汉阳桥段

图源：五峰土家族自治县文物保护中心

自十九世纪开始，湖北鹤峰、宣恩、长阳和湖南石门等地的毛红茶通过古茶道源源不断地运到渔洋关集散、精制、包装，然后通过水运转至汉口，成为湘鄂西茶区连接中蒙俄万里茶道的重要组成部分。

Since the dawn of the nineteenth century, the black tea produced in Hefeng, Xuanen and Changyang in Hubei province as well as Shimen in Hunan province and other places was constantly transported on this ancient tea road to the Yuyangguan Port for intensive refining and packaging, and then was conveyed by water to Hankou, thus making the Hanyang Bridge Section a vital link connecting the tea area in the western parts of Hubei and Hunan to the Great Tea Route.

五峰古茶道汉阳桥段

?地址：宜昌市五峰土家族自治县渔洋关镇曹家坪村八组

?自驾：导航“宜昌市五峰土家族自治县渔洋关镇曹家坪村”

The Hanyang Bridge Section of Wufeng Ancient Tea Road

?Address: Group 8, Caojiaping village, Yuyangguan town, Wufeng Tujia autonomous county, Yichang city

?Self-drive: Drive to “Caojiaping village, Yuyangguan town, Wufeng Tujia autonomous county, Yichang city” with digital navigation.

群山叠翠，云雾缭绕，茶香袅袅，来五峰游览万里茶道文物主题游径，让每一步都踏在历史印记上。我们追寻着五峰茶路的艰辛历程，感受茶贸历史的厚重与沧桑，见证人与茶的辉煌过往，传承博大精深的茶道文明。

Veiled by varied clouds and fog, the towering green mountains appear so attractive with fresh tea fragrance. Please come here to visit the Great Tea Route. With each step on the long scroll of history, we could feel the hardships on the Wufeng Tea Road and read the vicissitudes of tea trade. Let’s review the brilliant past of man and tea and inherit the profound culture on the Great Tea Route.

编辑/楚小游

来源/万里茶道联合申报世界文化遗产办公室

翻译/于弋（华中师范大学）

编发/湖北文旅

今日话题

?

关注我们

- END -

本公众号为公益文旅宣传，如有图片侵犯您的权益，请致电删除